Question 1

What is Python?

Accepted Answer

Python is a high-level, interpreted, general-purpose programming language. It is known for its simplicity, readability, and vast library support, making it ideal for web development, data science, and automation.

Question 2

What is the difference between list and tuple?

Accepted Answer

Lists are mutable (can be changed) and use square brackets []. Tuples are immutable (cannot be changed) and use parentheses (). Lists are generally slower than tuples.

Question 3

What is PEP 8?

Accepted Answer

PEP 8 is the official Style Guide for Python Code. It provides guidelines on how to format code to improve readability and consistency across the Python community.

Question 4

How is memory managed in Python?

Accepted Answer

Python uses a private heap to manage memory. It includes a built-in garbage collector that uses reference counting and a cycle-detecting algorithm to reclaim unused memory.

Question 5

What are Python namespaces?

Accepted Answer

Namespaces are containers that store names (identifiers) mapping to objects. They ensure that names are unique and don't conflict, such as local, global, and built-in namespaces.

Question 6

What is the difference between 'is' and '=='?

Accepted Answer

'is' checks for identity (if two variables point to the same object in memory), while '==' checks for equality (if the values are the same).

Question 7

What are Python decorators?

Accepted Answer

Decorators are a powerful way to modify or wrap the behavior of a function or class without changing its source code. They use the @decorator_name syntax.

Question 8

Explain list comprehension.

Accepted Answer

List comprehension is a concise way to create lists based on existing lists or iterables. Example: [x*x for x in range(10) if x%2==0].

Question 9

What is a docstring?

Accepted Answer

A docstring (documentation string) is a string literal used as the first statement in a module, function, class, or method to describe its purpose. It's accessed via the __doc__ attribute.

Question 10

What are *args and **kwargs?

Accepted Answer

*args allows a function to accept any number of positional arguments as a tuple. **kwargs allows a function to accept any number of keyword arguments as a dictionary.

Question 11

What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?

Accepted Answer

A shallow copy creates a new object but references the nested objects of the original. A deep copy creates a new object and recursively copies all nested objects.

Question 12

How do you handle exceptions in Python?

Accepted Answer

Using try, except, else, and finally blocks. Code that might fail goes in try, handling logic in except, success logic in else, and cleanup in finally.

Question 13

What is the purpose of 'self' in classes?

Accepted Answer

'self' represents the instance of the class. It allows access to the attributes and methods of the specific object being worked with.

Question 14

What is a lambda function?

Accepted Answer

A lambda function is a small, anonymous, one-line function defined using the 'lambda' keyword. It can take any number of arguments but has only one expression.

Question 15

Explain the 'with' statement.

Accepted Answer

The 'with' statement simplifies resource management (like file handling) by ensuring that resources are properly closed or released, even if an error occurs. It uses context managers.

Question 16

What is 'pass' in Python?

Accepted Answer

'pass' is a null statement. It is used as a placeholder when a statement is syntactically required but no action is needed.

Question 17

What is the difference between range and xrange?

Accepted Answer

In Python 2, range returns a list, while xrange returns an iterator (memory efficient). In Python 3, range behaves like xrange, and xrange no longer exists.

Question 18

How do you reverse a list?

Accepted Answer

You can use the list.reverse() method (in-place) or slicing [::-1] (creates a new list).

Question 19

What are global and local variables?

Accepted Answer

Global variables are defined outside any function and accessible throughout the module. Local variables are defined inside a function and only accessible within that function.

Question 20

Explain the use of 'yield' keyword.

Accepted Answer

'yield' is used in functions to return a generator. Unlike 'return', it pauses the function's execution and saves its state, allowing it to resume later.

Question 21

What is a dictionary in Python?

Accepted Answer

A dictionary is an unordered, mutable collection of key-value pairs. Keys must be unique and immutable (hashable).

Question 22

How do you comment in Python?

Accepted Answer

Use the '#' symbol for single-line comments. For multi-line comments, triple quotes (''' or """) are often used as docstrings or multi-line strings.

Question 23

What is the difference between break, continue, and pass?

Accepted Answer

'break' exits the loop. 'continue' skips the current iteration. 'pass' does nothing (placeholder).

Question 24

How do you find the length of a string?

Accepted Answer

Using the built-in len() function. Example: len("hello").

Question 25

What is slicing in Python?

Accepted Answer

Slicing allows you to extract a portion of a sequence (list, string, tuple) using the [start:stop:step] syntax.

Question 26

Explain map() function.

Accepted Answer

map() applies a given function to each item of an iterable (like a list) and returns an iterator with the results.

Question 27

Explain filter() function.

Accepted Answer

filter() constructs an iterator from elements of an iterable for which a function returns true.

Question 28

Explain reduce() function.

Accepted Answer

reduce() (from functools) applies a rolling computation to sequential pairs of values in an iterable, reducing it to a single value.

Question 29

What is an init method in Python?

Accepted Answer

The __init__ method is the constructor of a class. It is called automatically when an object is created to initialize its attributes.

Question 30

What is the difference between a set and a list?

Accepted Answer

A list is an ordered collection that allows duplicates. A set is an unordered collection of unique elements.

Python Backend Interview Master

Difficulty Filters

Tools & Options

What is Python?

What is the difference between list and tuple?

What is PEP 8?

How is memory managed in Python?

What are Python namespaces?

What is the difference between 'is' and '=='?

What are Python decorators?

Explain list comprehension.

What is a docstring?

What are *args and **kwargs?

What is the difference between deep copy and shallow copy?

How do you handle exceptions in Python?

What is the purpose of 'self' in classes?

What is a lambda function?

Explain the 'with' statement.

What is 'pass' in Python?

What is the difference between range and xrange?

How do you reverse a list?

What are global and local variables?

Explain the use of 'yield' keyword.

What is a dictionary in Python?

How do you comment in Python?

What is the difference between break, continue, and pass?

How do you find the length of a string?

What is slicing in Python?

Explain map() function.

Explain filter() function.

Explain reduce() function.

What is an init method in Python?

What is the difference between a set and a list?

How do you create a function in Python?

What is a module in Python?

What is a package in Python?

Explain the use of 'global' keyword.

Explain 'nonlocal' keyword.

What is an iterable in Python?

What is an iterator?

What is a generator?

How do you convert a string to an integer?

How do you check the type of an object?

What is the use of 'dir()' function?

What is 'help()' in Python?

How do you read input from a user?

What is the difference between append() and extend()?

What is 'join()' method in strings?

What is 'split()' method?

Explain 'getattr' and 'setattr'.

What is the difference between sorted() and sort()?

What is a Boolean in Python?

How do you open a file for writing?

Explain the Python Global Interpreter Lock (GIL).

How do you bypass the GIL?

What is the difference between Threading and Multiprocessing?

Explain 'Monkey Patching'.

What are 'Class Methods' and 'Static Methods'?

Explain 'MRO' (Method Resolution Order).

What is 'super()'?

What are 'Metaclasses'?

Explain 'Abstract Base Classes' (ABCs).

What is 'Pickling' and 'Unpickling'?

What is a Context Manager?

How do you create a custom Context Manager?

Explain 'Duck Typing'.

What is 'F-strings' in Python?

Explain 'Property' decorator.

What is 'Descriptor' in Python?

What is 'slots' in Python classes?

Explain 'Walrus Operator' (:=).

What is the difference between 'asyncio' and 'threading'?

Explain 'Coroutine'.

What is 'FastAPI'?

What is 'Django'?

What is 'Flask'?

What is 'WSGI' vs 'ASGI'?

Explain 'Pydantic'.

What is 'Celery'?

What is 'Alembic'?

What is 'object.new'?