1. CSS Transitions

Transitions allow smooth changes between property values. You can control:

  • transition-duration
  • transition-delay
  • transition-timing-function

CSS Example

.transition-box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: skyblue;
  transition: all 0.5s ease-in-out;
}
.transition-box:hover {
  width: 150px;
  background: coral;
}

2. Transform (translate, rotate, scale, skew)

The transform property applies 2D/3D transformations:

  • translate(x, y)
  • rotate(deg)
  • scale(x, y)
  • skew(x, y)

CSS Example

.transform-box {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: lightgreen;
  transition: transform 0.5s;
}
.transform-box:hover {
  transform: translate(30px, 20px) rotate(15deg) scale(1.2) skew(5deg, 5deg);
}

3. Keyframe Animations (@keyframes)

Define animations with @keyframes to describe how elements change over time.

CSS Example

.animate-box {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  background: purple;
  color: white;
  text-align: center;
  line-height: 80px;
  animation: bounce 2s infinite;
}
@keyframes bounce {
  0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
  50% { transform: translateY(-30px); }
}

4. Animation Properties

Animations can be customized with these properties:

  • animation-iteration-count – how many times
  • animation-direction – normal, reverse, alternate
  • animation-fill-mode – forwards, backwards, both

CSS Example

.anim-props {
  width: 100px;
  height: 100px;
  background: orange;
  animation: fadeIn 3s forwards;
}
@keyframes fadeIn {
  from { opacity: 0; }
  to { opacity: 1; }
}